What device protects components from high current flow in an electrical system?

The device that protects electrical components from high current flow is a fuse. A fuse is designed to interrupt the circuit when the current exceeds a predefined limit by melting its internal conductor. This action effectively stops the flow of electricity, protecting sensitive components from overheating or damage due to excessive current.

While a circuit breaker also serves the purpose of protecting against overcurrent conditions, it differs in that it can be reset after it trips, whereas a fuse must be replaced once it has operated. A resistor does not protect components from high current flow but instead limits the current by providing resistance in the circuit. A current limiter may control the maximum current but usually relies on the operation of other protective devices rather than serving as the primary protection mechanism. Hence, the function of a fuse in interrupting electrical flow makes it the appropriate choice for protecting components from high current flow.