What is the difference between primary and secondary flight controls?

The distinction between primary and secondary flight controls plays a vital role in the operation and handling of an aircraft. Primary flight controls are those that directly influence the aircraft's pitch, roll, and yaw. These controls include the ailerons, elevators, and rudder, and they are essential for managing the basic flight maneuvers such as climbing, descending, turning, and stabilizing the aircraft.

In contrast, secondary flight controls, while still important, enhance the overall performance and safety of the aircraft rather than managing its basic flight path. These may include flaps, slats, spoilers, and trim systems. For instance, flaps increase lift during takeoff and landing, whereas trim systems help maintain a stable flight attitude with less pilot input. This distinction is crucial as it highlights the different roles these controls play in flight safety and operational efficiency.

Understanding this difference is fundamental for pilots and aviation professionals as it affects how they manage aircraft behavior in various phases of flight.