What is the function of flaps on an aircraft wing?

Flaps are a crucial component of an aircraft's wing design, primarily used to increase lift and drag during critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing. By extending the flaps, the wing's curvature and surface area are increased, which enhances the airfoil’s ability to generate lift at lower speeds. This is particularly beneficial during takeoff, as it allows the aircraft to become airborne at lower speeds than would otherwise be necessary.

The increased drag that comes with flap deployment helps to create a controlled descent profile during landing, allowing pilots to approach the runway at steeper angles without increasing speed excessively. This capability directly contributes to safety and efficiency during the most demanding phases of flight when altitude and speed management are vital.

The other options are partially related to aircraft performance but do not accurately describe the primary function of flaps. While they can affect drag and fuel efficiency indirectly, these effects are not the main purpose of flaps and are not as significant as their role in increasing lift during takeoff and landing.