What is the main purpose of the pitot tube?

The main purpose of the pitot tube is to measure dynamic air pressure, which is essential for determining an aircraft's airspeed. When air flows over the pitot tube, the dynamic pressure created by this airflow is compared to static pressure measured from a separate port, allowing the airspeed indicator to provide the pilot with critical information about how fast the aircraft is moving through the air. This measurement is vital for safe flight operations, as airspeed affects lift, drag, and overall aircraft performance.

The other choices do not align with the primary function of the pitot tube. Collecting weather data in flight typically relies on other instruments such as pitot-static systems designed for recording temperature and humidity rather than directly measuring airspeed. Gauging altitude is usually accomplished through altimeters, which use static pressure rather than dynamic air pressure. Monitoring engine temperature is managed through dedicated engine instrumentation, separate from the pitot tube's function. Therefore, the accurate determination of airspeed, crucial for various flight maneuvers and safety, establishes the pitot tube's primary role.