What is the role of an aircraft's ailerons during flight?

Ailerons play a crucial role in controlling the roll of an aircraft. They are located on the outer wings and are designed to move in opposite directions. When one aileron is deflected upwards, the other is deflected downwards. This difference in movement creates a difference in lift between the two wings—reducing lift on the wing with the upward-moving aileron and increasing lift on the wing with the downward-moving aileron. As a result, the aircraft rolls towards the wing with the lowered aileron, allowing the pilot to control the aircraft's bank angle and execute turns.

Proper understanding of ailerons is essential for pilots, as they coordinate turns and maintain lateral control during flight. This action is separate from controlling pitch, which is managed by the elevator, or controlling yaw, which is primarily influenced by the rudder. Additionally, while ailerons can indirectly affect lift through changes in the aircraft's attitude during roll, their main function is roll control rather than direct lift enhancement, especially during takeoff.