Which system helps pilots avoid mid-air collisions?

The Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is a critical safety tool designed to prevent mid-air collisions between aircraft. It functions by continuously monitoring the airspace around an aircraft for other transponder-equipped aircraft. When TCAS detects a potential conflict, it calculates the risk of collision and provides timely alerts to the pilots through visual and auditory warnings. This system also suggests vertical maneuvers, such as climbing or descending, to help maintain a safe distance from other aircraft.

In contrast, the Ground Proximity Warning System primarily warns pilots of impending ground collisions, rather than other airborne aircraft. The Flight Management System is focused on optimizing flight paths and managing navigation, while the Auto-throttle System is concerned with regulating engine power for efficient flight operations. These systems serve important functions in aviation safety and performance but do not directly address the issue of avoiding mid-air collisions like TCAS does.